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ASIA, CC, The samples were taken by the GG54-Nakai-Midium-Net, 60cm in mouth diameter, 160cm in length.

IKPT net; mesh size: 1.0 mm; oblique tow; wire out: 1200 m

The net, made of material nearly equal to no.3 bolting cloth, 45 cm in mouth diameter, was hauled from either 100 or 150 metre depth to the surface at every station.

collected by the larva-net which is 130cm in diameter of the openning and 450cm in length, stretched with the Japanese minnow net in the anterior 350cm in length and with the silk gauze of 60 meshes in the rest and was equipped with a 3.2 kg lead and the

The samples were taken by the Indian Ocean Standard Net, 113 cm in mouth diameter, 500 cm in length and constructed with gauze having 0.33 mm mesh opening. The net was towed vertically from 200m depth to the surface at a speed of 1 m/sec.

Net with 45 cm diameter, 1.1 m length, 676 per cm^2 mesh size was towed vertically from 100 m depth to the surface in 50 cm per second speed.

oblique tow from a depth near the bottom to the surface using a Bongo plankton net with mouth diameter of 60 cm and mesh size of 335 micrometer

large 4 meter hexagon-net; wire out: 30 m; towing duration: 30 m; ship speed: 1.5 kts.

ZZ, Three replicate samples were collected at each station by using a small Smith-McIntyre grab (0.05 m^2). Each sample was washed through a screen of 2 mm mesh and all the materials were collected.

IKPT Net with the 10-feet wing length and 1-mm mesh size

oblique tow from a depth near the bottom to the surface using a Bongo plankton net with a mouth diameter of 60 cm and a mesh size of 335 micrometer

conical plankton net (mesh size, 200 m; mouth diameter, 37 cm; length, 100 cm) towed vertically by hand from near bottom to the surface

Skin diving or scuba diving. A minimum number of samples were collected for identification. Species difficult for collection was visually observed and photographed.

Marutoku B net was towed vertically from 150 m depth to the surface from Miyako, a research vessel of the Tokyo Metropolitan Fisheries Experimental Station Oshima Branch.

3m Sigsby-Agassiz Beam Trawl

The plankton net with the net-mouth of one-tenth square meter was sunken into the water and hauled up vertically to the surface. On board the ship Ryokai-Maru belonging to the Formosan Government Fishery Experimental Station.

Two consecutive oblique tows using a 3 m IKMT (0.5 mm Nitrex netting, 8.7 m^2 mouth area)

Zooplankton samples were collected by vertical tows using a conical plankton net (length: 1.8m; mouth diameter: 0.45m; mesh size opening: 300micrometer) from 50 m depth to the surface.

Benthic marine macroalgae were sampled throughly by wading or snorkeling.

snorkeling

Copepods were collected from the upper 5 m with a conical zooplankton net (4.5 m long, 1 m mouth diameter, 0.33 mm mesh size) towing horizontally for 15-20 min with the vessel speed of 2 nautical miles per hour, on board the Ocean Researcher III.

scuba diving, snorkeling

1.3 meter larva net; wire out: 0 m; towing duration: 20 min.; ship speed: 1.5 kts.

larval net; wire out: 0 m; towing duration: 10 min.; ship speed: 1.5 kts.

Bongo plankton net of 60 cm mouth diameter and 500 micrometer mesh, towed obliqely from near the bottom to the surface if the bottom depth was 200 m or less, and from 200 m to the surface if the depth was more than 200 m.

larval net; wire out: 0 m; towing duration: 20 min.; ship speed: 1.5 kts.

Two replicate macrobenthic samples were taken with a Van Veen grab, covering an area 0.01 m^2, and the samples were screened with sieves of mesh size 0.5m.

snorkeling, scuba diving

Holothurians were collected by hand-picking at low tide, by snorkeling and by Scuba diving down to five meter depth.

Sampling design to gather data on biomass, and seasonality was based on the method of Saito and Atobe (1970): Observations were made using a square 50*50 cm quadrat divided into twenty-five 10*10 cm areas.

IKPT net; mesh size: 0.5 mm; step tow; wire out: 240 m

The plankton net with the net-mouth of one-tenth square meter was sunken into the water and hauled up vertically to the surface. On board the ship Kiyo-Maru belonging to the Wakayama-Ken Fishery Experimental Station.

Zooplankton samples were collected by vertical tows using a conical plankton net (length: 1.8 m; mouth diameter: 0.45 m; mesh size opening: 300 micrometer) from 50 m depth to ther surface.

The plankton net with the net-mouth of one-tenth square meter was sunken into the water and hauled up vertically to the surface. On board the fishing boat Hachijo-Maru and the Azuma-Maru belonging to the Tokyo-Fu.

1.3 meter larva net; wire out: 0 m; towing duration: 10 min.; ship speed: 1.5 kts.

A beam-trawl of Agassiz-Sigsbee type having a 3 m span

The plankton net with the net-mouth of one-tenth square meter was sunken into the water and hauled up vertically to the surface. On board the ship Choshu-Maru belonging to the Yamaguchi-Ken Fishery Experimental Station.

1.6m larval net; wire out: 0 m; towing duration: 20 min.

Zooplankton samples were obtained during the night by multi-oblique tows of a ring net (160 cm diameter, 0.33 mm mesh) equipped with a pressure sensor (SeaBird, SBE39) in its frame.

A small beach seine-net was used for sampling. Three hauls were made each month from May 1975 to February 1976.

The plankton net with the net-mouth of one-tenth square meter was sunken into the water and hauled up vertically to the surface. On board the fishing boat Hono-Maru belonging to Mr. Cho Kawabata and the Steamer Chikugogawa-Maru belonging to the O.S.K.

The plankton net with the net-mouth of one-tenth square meter was sunken into the water and hauled up vertically to the surface. On board the ship Daito-Maru belonging to the Miyagi-Ken Fishery Experimental Station.

surface net tows with a standard North Pacific zooplankton net with a mouth diameter of 45 cm and mesh size of 333 micrometer

vertical hauls using 140 micrometer mesh and 45 cm diameter NORPAC net

A standard North Pacific zooplancton net with a mouth diameter of 45 cm and mesh size of 150 micrometer was towed obliquely from near the bottom to the surface.

large 4 meter hexagon-net; wire out: 75 m; towing duration: 30 m; ship speed: 1.5 kts.

1.6m larval net; wire out: 0 m; towing duration: 10 min.

Haphazard sampling was carried out intertidally by hand.