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North facing 22 deg. slope, Festuca moor association, moundy relief, Alt. 280 ft. Gull Lake, near Grytviken, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

On moss, in shelter of boulder, Alt. 152 m. 2 km. south-west of Endurance Glacier, Elephant Island. South Shetland Islands

On Chorisodontium aciphyllum. Alt. 75m. NE Moraine Valley, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On Hypnum sp. and soil encrusted with lichens, on gabbro ledge. Alt. 375 m. Nunatak on Jason Peninsula, Oscar Coast, Larson Ice Shelf. Antarctic Peninsula, Oscar II Coast

On dry Tortula robusta turf on south-facing ledge, Alt. 20 m. Cliffs between King Edward Point and Grytviken, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

Timber lying in tussock grass. Alt. about 16m. Near Gun Hut, S side of King Edward Cove. South Georgia

On Chorisodontium-Polytrichum bank, Alt. 100 ft. Behind the B.A.S. station, Factory Cove, Borge Bay, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Summit of point, Alt. 40 m. Claude Point, Brabant Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Flatish strips and hollows between the scoria blocks, moist soil about 1-2cm thick under the moss. Many nooks and crannies in scoria. Skua nests / limpet shells. Alt. 15m. Scoria lava flow into Crater Lake. Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Rocky hill on SE peninsula with skua nesting site, Alt. 35 m. Trundle Island (Pitt Islands), Biscoe Islands. Antarctic Peninsula

On moribund moss, Alt. 199 m. Walker Point, Elephant Island. South Shetland Islands

Dry soil on fairly level platform. Alt. 65m. 1.5km W of Cape Wiman above very broad outwash gully, Seymour Island. Antarctic Peninsula

North side of Jenny Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Foot of cliff. Alt. 15 ft. Paul Beach, Bay of Isles. South Georgia

Constituent of large Polytrichum banks in sparse tussock grassland, some distance from nearest snow bank. Alt. 50 ft. By southern side of football pitch, Leith. South Georgia

Blades Ridge, Alt. 6,000 ft. Tottanfjella, Queen Maud Land. Antarctica, Maud Sector

On north side of small rise on north-south section, loose stones and flat top, Alt. 3600 ft. Ridge running east-west then south-north, south of Bingham Glacier. Antarctic Peninsula

On dry non-volcanic scree, near the refuge hut, Coppermine Cove, Robert Island. South Shetland Islands

On steeply sloping Dicranum bank, Alt. 150 ft. Behind the BAS hut, Factory Cove, Borge Bay, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On Tortula grossiretis on marble banded schist outcrop, Alt. 12 m. South-west end of Heywood Lake, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Outer zones of moist trough between two fumaroles, Alt. c. 75 m. South flanks of cone, Bellingshausen Island. South Sandwich Islands

Moist sandy soil. Alt. 10 m. Horseshoe Island, North Marguerite Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Rock surfaces, Alt. 1600 ft. South slopes of Mount Usborne, above Ceritos, East Falkland Islands. Falkland Islands

Summit rocks, 170 m above windscoop, dry, winter snow melting, Alt. 700 m. NW face and ridge of nunatak west of Lunar Crag, Alexander Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Alexander Island

South facing slope, exposed. Alt.400 m. Tethys Nunatak Antarctic Peninsula

Strong penguin influence. Alt. 70-100 m. Macaroni Point, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Late snow area President Head, Snow Island South Shetland Islands

On and within mica. Kay Island, Victoria Land Antarctica, Ross Sector

Crevices of north-facing rocks, Alt. c. 1250 ft. Slopes of Mount Hodges at head of the valley immediately west of Bore Valley, Cumberland West Bay. South Georgia

Side of north facing scree, Alt. 15 m. Island 200m south of Metchnikoff Point, Brabant Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Near edge of south-facing cliff face, Alt. 50 ft. East of Eliza cove, East Falkland Islands Falkland Islands

On mosses on north-facing bank, Alt. 40 ft. Lynch Island. South Orkney Islands

Ledges on north facing cliff, Alt. 50 ft. North coast of Laggard Island, Danco Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

Loose pebbles/scoria/ash. Alt. 40 m. South East Point, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Growing in shade on ground below Nothofagus bush, south facing, SW of Seno Ponsonby, Isla Hoste. South America, Chile

On rotting tree bough in coastal forest, SW of Seno Ponsonby, Isla Hoste. South America, Chile

On fallen tree trunk in thick coastal forest, Alt. 0 m SW of Seno Ponsonby, Isla Hoste. South America, Chile

Amongst Gaulthera microphylla, Empetrum rubrum, Rubus geoides, Gunnera magellanica and Blechnum magellanicum, Alt. 200 ft. South slopes of Mount William, East Falkland Islands. Falkland Islands

On moist bank, Pointe Basse, Possession Island. Crozet

On moist bank with Racomitrium, Alt. 150 m. On southern slopes of valley of Riviere du Camp, opposite the Grotte du Geographe, Possession Island. Crozet

Prov. de Chiloe, Peninsula Tres Montes, Puerto Barroso. South America, Chile

On peat in tussock grassland. Lower east slopes of Mt. Faye. Campbell Island

380 cm depth in core taken from bottom of Lake "Zano" at a depth of 5.3 m. Core depth was 4.42 m long and samples of moss were taken at 32 levels down core. Alt. 122 m. Horseshoe Island Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

310 cm depth in core taken from bottom of Lake "Zano" at a depth of 5.3 m. Core depth was 4.42 m long and samples of moss were taken at 32 levels down core. Alt. 122 m. Horseshoe Island Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

280 cm depth in core taken from bottom of Lake "Zano" at a depth of 5.3 m. Core depth was 4.42 m long and samples of moss were taken at 32 levels down core. Alt. 122 m. Horseshoe Island Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

10 cm depth in core taken from bottom of Lake "Zano" at a depth of 5.3 m. Core depth was 4.42 m long and samples of moss were taken at 32 levels down core. Alt. 122 m. Horseshoe Island Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

On small volcanic rocks. Alt. c. 400 m. Plateau, Cockburn Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Moist rock surfaces, Alt. 400 ft. East-facing scree slopes, Head of Whale Valley. South Georgia

Grassland, Alt. 25 ft. Near the whaling station, Ocean Harbour, Barff Peninsula. South Georgia

In Drepanocladus mat, Alt. 200 ft. North side of Petermann Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast