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On dry exposed non-nitrogenous south-facing cliff, Alt. 250 m. Crags on west side of head of Whale Valley, Royal Bay. South Georgia

Open 'V' crack running down a rock wall (70 deg.), east side of ridge, Alt. 4400 ft. The south-west spur running from 4000ft. to minor summit, north of Engle Peaks ridge. Antarctic Peninsula

On Andreaea on dry vertical west facing rock, Alt. 20 m. Cliffs between King Edward Cove and Grytviken, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

In crevices of moraine boulders, Alt. 100 ft. Moraine Valley, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Damp rock ledges facing west, Alt. 700 ft. Rock buttress at SE side of Sunshine Glacier, Coronation Island. South Orkney Islands

On moist shaded cliff face, Alt. 50m. Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Dry boulders on scree slope with moss (Andreaea) and other lichens. Alt. 35 m. Polynesia Point, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On damp fine gravel in moist areas on low flat ridge jutting out of snow, Alt. 4050 ft. Low spine running approx. west to east towards Stockton Peak. Antarctic Peninsula

On moist rock slab. Alt. 85 m. Central north-facing slope. Charcot Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On young black lava with scattered bryophytes. Alt. 700 m. Katedralkrags, Marion Island. Prince Edward Islands

On moss and soil. Alt. 175 m. As 231 Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

At edges of stone-soil stripes, Alt. c. 70 ft. between marble knolls and lake, Waterpipe Beach, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On Andreaea gainii on damp rock face, Alt. c. 250 ft. Cliffs above Paal Harbour, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On marble-banded N facing cliff above shore. Alt. 5-7m. c.700m N of Spindrift Rocks, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On ? amphibolite rock. Alt. 50 m. North side of Observation Bluff, Signy Island South Orkney Islands

On rock face. Alt. 25m. Foot of cliffs below Robin Peak, above Stygian Cove Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Vertical north facing cliffs, nitrogenous, on Caloplaca regalis, Alt. 50 ft. SE of Factory Cove, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Amongst Usnea antarctica holdfasts on mossy rocks, Alt. 750 ft. South end of Wave Peak Buttress, Coronation Island. South Orkney Islands

On wood debris, Alt. 120 ft. Behind the BAS station, Factory Cove, Borge Bay, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Exposed rock, Alt. 50 ft. Near school, Goose Green, East Falkland Islands. Falkland Islands

Associated with Andreaea gainii on humus over andesite rocks in Usnea fasciata community, NW-facing slope. Alt. 130 m. Siodlo (=saddle) Hill in Baranowski Glacier, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

On dying Azorella selago cushions. Above cave on east coast, Prince Edward Island. Prince Edward Islands

On shelf on steep-sided, south-facing granite bluff, Alt. 1800 ft. South side of Cape Casey, Cabinet Inlet, Foyn Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Foyn Coast

Rock outcrops, Alt. c. 60 ft. beneath the anemometer tower, Berntsen Point, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Rock ledges, Alt. c. 200 ft. Cliffs behind BAS Station, Factory Cove, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Rocks by shore and also on moss banks, Alt. 10-30 ft. Mainland area, east of Sorn and Bernt Islands, Church Bay. South Georgia

Very local, on rock ledges and crevices, usually on moss, Hermit Island, Arthur Harbour, Anvers Island, Danco Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

In west-facing melt crevices on nitrogenous sea cliffs, Alt. 50 ft. Lenton Point, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Wet rocks below moss banks, facing NW, Alt. 20 ft. Factory Cove, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On moist rock ledges with mosses and lichens. Alt. 125m. NW side, Cape Tuxen. Antarctic Peninsula

On rock ledge, growing epiphytically on Umbilicaria antarctica. Alt. 60 m. North side of Observation Point, Signy Island South Orkney Islands

Sheltered rock surfaces, Alt. 15 ft. West end of Skua Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

East facing rock surface, Alt. 30 ft. Litchfield Island, Arthur Harbour, Anvers Island, Danco Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

Large boulders on rock and moss with Usnea antarctica. Alt. 10-30 m. North side of Leonie Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Dry east facing rock face, Alt. 5 m. Horse Head, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

Dry rock surfaces and rarely on moss cushions, Alt. c. 150 ft. Sea cliffs east of King Edward Point, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

Dry rock faces of large erratics and on cushion forming mosses, Alt. c. 8-10 ft. c. 150 m inland from shore of Papua Beach, Cumberland West Bay. South Georgia

Dry rock face, several hundred metres from shore. Alt. 35 m. West side of main summit of Lagoon island. Antarctic Peninsula

Empetrum rubrum heath, Alt. c. 550 ft. West side Mountain William, Falkland Islands. Falkland Islands

Large rocks, Alt. 20 m. Claude Point, Brabant Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Dry rock face. Alt. 75m. Steepholm Island, Robertson Islands. South Orkney Islands

Rock crevices, Alt. c. 25 ft. near North Point, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Rock faces, especially if moist. Alt. 5-30 m. North side of Leonie Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On moss. (Drepanocladus sp.) Alt. 150m. Fortress Hill Plateau, James Ross Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Eroding moss turf, mainly Bryum algens. Alt. 20-30m. E side Lachman Crags, James Ross Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On exposed wet rocks. Alt. 400 m. South shore of Caleta Ocasion, east coast of Isla Piazzi, Depto. Ultima Esperanza, Prov. Magallanes. South America, Chile

Amongst Pohlia under south facing, rock ledge, Alt. 350 ft. Ridge from lower slopes of Mount Duse, to Grytviken, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

Moist stony ground in scree, Alt. 100 ft. Promontory west of John Peaks, Powell Island. South Orkney Islands

Flush, Alt. 150 ft. Stream side in gully to south of Brown Mountain, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

Moist rock crevice (but also frequent on moist stony ground). Alt. 85m. Slope above station, Factory Cove, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands