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Dry rock face. Alt. 100 m. Observation Bluff, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Dry exposed rockface. Alt. 70 m. Outcrop at top of slope behind station, Factory Bluffs, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Dry rock face with Usnea sphacelata, Pseudephebe minuscula and Umbilicari decussata. Alt. 25 m. Central massif, Rothera Point, Adelaide Island. Antarctic Peninsula

West-facing basic rock face, Alt, 530 ft. Windscoop Buttress or peak 1278, east of Sunshine Glacier, Coronation Island. South Orkney Islands

Dry granite rock surfaces. Alt. 30-40 m. Andree Island, Charlotte Bay Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

Rock surface, Alt. 50 ft. Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

NE facing on a northern ridge, Alt. 3000-3500 ft. Engel Peaks, Wilkins Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Wilkins Coast

Rock surfaces, Alt. 30 ft. Crags Near Meek Channel, Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Rock face receiving occasional melt water, Alt. 350 m. "Reptile Ridge", Yellow Bluff, Adelaide Island, Fallieres Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Dry rocks. Alt. 20-50 m. Mt Alexander, NE Joinville Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Dry rock outcrops. Alt. 70 m. W side of Cape Hansen, Coronation Island. South Orkney Islands

On pebble in moist stony depression. Alt. c. 30m. SSSI area, above ice field, Bailey Peninsula. Budd Coast. Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

On exposed rocks on summit plateau. Summit of Mt Wellington, near Hobart. Tasmania

On dry boulders with Dermatocarpon lachneum. Alt. 25m. N side of Blancmange hill, James Ross Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On a variety of substrates in sheltered gaps between boulders. S-facing side of ridge. Alt. 30 m. Inexpressible Island. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Especially common on dark coloured rocks. All over Vegetation Island. Antarctica, Ross Sector

W facing slope. Dry environment. Isolated or in clumps on rock. Tolerant of windbut may not grow so large-instead flattens to contours of rock. Alt. 750m. Lully Foothills. Alexander Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Alexander Island

N face, Found on scree, not attached to rock, Alt. 5 m. Eckener Point, Brabant Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On dry rocks, Alt. 5-20 m. Island to north-west of Faure Island group, Fallieres Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

In north facing cracks, Alt. 50 ft. Mothes Point, Barlas Channel, Adelaide Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Loubet Coast

General coverage on rock surface, Alt. 19-21 m. South side east-west central gully, Cormorant Island, Danco Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

Inclined rocks in sheltered gully, Alt. 50 ft. Rock outcrop by BAS station, Adelaide Island, Fallieres Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

On scree slopes, Mount Flora, Hope Bay, north-east coast of Trinity Peninsula. Antarctic Peninsula, Trinity Peninsula, East Coast

South side of sea stack, Alt. 20 ft. Ardley Island, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

On upper surface of exposed bedrock, Alt. 327 ft. Scar Hills, Hope Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Trinity Peninsula, East Coast

On steep dry bedrock, Alt. 200 ft. Scar Hills, Hope Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Trinity Peninsula, East Coast

Upper surface of dry summit rock, Alt. c. 3,000 ft. Nunatak 4 miles north-west of head of Larsen Inlet, Nordenskjold Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Nordenskjold Coast

On loose pebbles in nooks and crannies. Alt. 5,100 ft. Station 51, Tottanfjella, Queen Maud Land. Antarctica, Maud Sector

On rock surfaces, Alt. 100 ft. Alectoria Island, Prince Gustav Channel. Antarctic Peninsula, Trinity Peninsula, East Coast

Locally abundant on rocks especially exposed crests, Base area, Adelaide Island, Fallieres Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

On granite slab, Neny Island, Fallieres Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Near the summit on the Nunatak on the east side, Alt. 350 ft. The northern 'hump' or Nunatak of Camel Nunataks. Antarctic Peninsula

A flattish area of broken stones, on west side of summit, Alt. 540 ft. Nunatak to the north of Theodolite Hill. Antarctic Peninsula

Facing north-west on an upright slab, sheltered by another in front, moist at the base, Alt. 4300 ft. Flat broad ridge, Engle Peaks. Antarctic Peninsula

Field Rock, MacRobertson Land. Antarctica, Enderby Sector

Abundant on rock faces in a westerly aspect, West side of Mawson Rock, MacRobertson Land. Fischer Nunatak, MacRobertson Land. Antarctica, Enderby Sector

West-facing rocks on scree, Alt. 1000 ft. Top of Mount Mill col, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

On dry insolated basalt rocks in community Usnea fasciata-Himantormia lugubris. Alt. 280 m. Jardine Peak, Ezcurra Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

Top of exposed moraine boulders facing south-west, Alt. 200 ft. Cummings Cove, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Vertical rock exposures, by coast facing west, Alt. 30 ft. Knife Point, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Dry rocks, Alt. 200-500 m. Mount Alexander, Joinville Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Dry pebbles on consolidated pebble pavement. Very dense growth (75% cover overlarge area). With Usnea sulphurea and Pseudephebe minuscula. Alt. 25m. NE of Stevenson Cove, Clark Peninsula. Budd Coast. Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Dry rocks with Usnea sphacelata. Alt. 150m. Fortress Hill Plateau, James Ross Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On stable scree and rock, W-NW facing slopes, dry no moisture except snowfall, prefers lots of sun, Alt. 750 m. Lully Foothills, Alexander Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Alexander Island

Dry boulders. Alt. 140m. Loken Moraines, W moraine above Newcomb Bay. Budd Coast. Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Stones on raised beach near hut. Alt. 10 m. Blaiklock Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Loubet Coast

Rock ridges. Alt. 30-50 m. Horseshoe Island, North Marguerite Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

On an acid dyke (light coloured), on a side facing into a crevice, Alt. 2475 ft. Ridge on north of Guard Glacier. Antarctic Peninsula

On exposed rock. Alt. 450 m. Sphinx ridge below summit, Fossil Bluff, Alexander Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Alexander Island

On stones, boulders and rock. Alt. 85 m. Central north-facing slope. Charcot Island. Antarctic Peninsula