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Dead (formerly burned) Nothofagus trunks. Alt. 85m. Near Punta Bulnes, Brunswick Peninsula, Magellanes. South America, Chile

Rock. Alt. 100 m. Ronald Hill, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Alt. 10-20 m. 30 m east of Kroner Lake, Whalers Bay, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Plateau fellfield. Alt. 30 m. North Lagoon Island, Adelaide Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Loubet Coast

Exposed, low rounded nunatak. Alt.350 m. Tethys Nunatak Antarctic Peninsula

Forming dense clumps in many places usually with Umbilicaria and Buellia. Top of Starr Nunatak. Antarctica, Ross Sector

In crevices or at the base or boulders. Kay Island. Antarctica, Ross Sector

On mosses, exposed flat ground, facing south-west, Alt. 400 ft. Rusty Bluff, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Shaded rock face. N side Mitchell Peninsula, O'Brien Bay. Budd Coast. Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Scree slope, North face, Alt. 400 m. Astrolabe needle, Brabant Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On large boulders. Alt. 8-10 and 50m. Humps Island, off NE James Ross Island Antarctic Peninsula

Alt. 20 m Plateau above beach near Point Smellie Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island South Shetland Islands

On Ceratodon purpureus. Bailey Peninsula SSSI. Budd Coast. Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Rock summit facing south, Alt. 50 m. Nunatak north of Edwards Point, Robert Island. South Shetland Islands

Cliff top, Alt. 138 m. Cape south of Emma Cove, Elephant Island. South Shetland Islands

On dry rock faces, Alt. 250 ft. Hermit Island, Arthur Harbour, Anvers Island, Danco Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

Boulders, Alt. 500 ft. North ridge of Mount Demaria, SE of Cape Tuxen, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Large sheltered boulders, Alt. 30 ft. Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

On granite, Alt. 30 m. Claude Point, Brabant Island. Antarctic Peninsula

West-facing basic rock face, Alt. 530 ft. Windscoop Buttress ,or peak 1278, east of Sunshine Glacier, Coronation Island. South Orkney Islands

On exposed rock surfaces, Alt. 20 ft. Corner Islands, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Exposed dry rock surfaces. Alt. 35-50 m. Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula

Rocks, stones, gravel, Polytrichum-Chorisodontium banks. Alt. 5-300 m. Cape Hansen, Coronation Island. South Orkney Islands

On grey rock face. Alt. 75 m. W end of cliffs above Fumarole Bay, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Extends right up to the permanent snow line. Moss in depressions between scoriablocks. Generally wet rather than moist. Alt. 110m. Upper lava flow above Crater Lake. Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Dry rocks. Alt. 5-50 m. Dismal Island, Faure Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Steep scoria. Dry. Alt. 270m. Ridge above Vapour Col. Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

On Ceratodon purpureus on moist slope; very exposed. Alt. 70m. Bailey Peninsula, NE of SSSI. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Dry rock faces and ledges sheltered and buried by late snow patches. Alt. 15-20m. Clark Peninsula, Whitney Point. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

On deep Ceratodon purpureus. Alt. 20m. Clark Peninsula, NE of Whitney Point. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

On moist Cephaloziella exiliflora below melting snow bank. Alt. 20m. Clark Peninsula, NE of Stevenson Cove. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

100m SE of whaling station; terns nesting nearby. Oak barrels. Alt. 10-20m. N-NE of whaling station, Whalers bay, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

On boulders on dry slope. Alt. 25 m. Small green alp called Hala at Arctowski Station, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

On deep Polytrichum - Chorisodontium bank, Alt. 150 ft. Spendrift Rocks, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On very large boulder, Alt. c. 100 ft. Neny Island, Fallieres Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

General coverage on rock surface, Alt. 19-21 m. South side of east-west central gully, Cormorant Island, Danco Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

On rock, Hill between Factory Cove and Paal Harbour, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On permanently ice free soft ash, Between Ronald Hill and Kroner Lake, Whalers Bay, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

In Giant Petrel rookery, Approximately 50 yds north of BAS Station, Adelaide Island, Fallieres Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

West facing maritime outcrop, Alt. 80 ft. North-west part of Barnard Point, Livingston Island. South Shetland Islands

On north-facing slope, Alt. 100 m. Above Hell Gates, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island. South Shetland Islands

Exposed north facing rocks, Alt. 1273 ft. Top of Wave Peak Buttress, Coronation Island. South Orkney Islands

Exposed moraine boulders facing west, Alt. 600 ft. Rock buttress at SE side of Sunshine Glacier, Coronation Island. South Orkney Islands

Exposed moraine rocks, Alt. 1000 ft. Coldblow Col, Coronation Island. South Orkney Islands

On ash and lava slope around fumarole, Alt. 100 ft. By steaming lake on western shore of Candlemas Island. South Sandwich Islands

On Polytrichum on rocky knolls on cliff top, Alt. 300 ft. East facing cliffs towards northern end of Vindication Island. South Sandwich Islands

North facing rock faces, Alt. 200-250 ft. Ronald Hill, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

On dry non-nitrogenous south-facing cliff, Alt. 80 m. Above Hope Point. South Georgia

Bare rock ridge with cinder/scree. Alt. 120 m. Towards South East Point, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Base of large boulders, in area of snow petrel colony. Alt. 150-200 m. Harrow Peaks, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector