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Dry stony ground beside football pitch, Alt. c. 25 ft. Husvik whaling statin, Stromness Bay. South Georgia

Growing in large circular stands on hillside to the south of the whaling sation in bothe Rostkovia bogs and Festuca grassland. Grytviken. South Georgia

Bare stony ground, by edge of railway track, Alt. c. 10 ft. Near the Tennis Court, King Edward Point, Grytviken area. South Georgia

Acaena association, Alt. c. 25 ft. Slopes behind Radio Hut, south side of King Edward Cove, Grytviken area. South Georgia

Forming large patch on bank of stream, Alt. 40 m. Near beach, Baie Americaine, Possession Island. Crozet

Fellfield above base, Ile de la Possession. Crozet

Damp grassland. Alt. 5-10 m. Bertha's Beach. Falkland Islands

Wet eroded tussock stool at margin of bog, Alt. 3 m. South side King Edward Cove, below Gun Hut, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

Amongst Deschampsia antarctica at edge of elephant seal wallow on moist peat onflat ground. Alt. 0.5 m. King Edward Point. South Georgia

Amongst Deschampsia antarctica and Poa flabellata on moist peaty ground by stream. Alt. 2m. Below Gun Hut, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

20 m NW of piggery. Alt. 5 m. Husvik whaling station. South Georgia

Moist rock crevice, Alt. 1000 ft. Scree slopes below Pirner Point on south side of Whale Vallley. South Georgia

On rotting exposed roots in landslip in Poa pratensis grassland, Alt. 70 m. Rock outcrop midway down southern slopes of Crique de Navire, Possession Island. Crozet

Crevice in cliff, Alt. c. 75 ft. Above the base, Factory Cove, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Among gravel chips and fine soil, on marble outcrop, Alt. 350 ft. West of Elephant Flats, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Damp rock crevices on north-facing cliff, Alt. c. 70 ft. Hermit Island, Arthur Harbour, Anvers Island, Danco Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

Rock crevice in cliffs, Alt. 300 ft. East side of Rusty Bluff, above Paal Harbour, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

North facing sheltered moist concavity in rock, Alt. 10 ft. Overlooking Stella Creek, Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Rock crevice, overhang, Alt. 10 ft. Overlooking Stella Creek, Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Shaded rock crevices, Alt. 20 ft. East side of main Irizar Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Damp very sheltered overhang, Alt. 40 ft. North end of Petermann Island, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Underneath rock overhang amongst tussock, Alt. 250 ft. Dartmouth Point, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

Crevices of rocks by waterfall, Alt. 200 ft. Shore behind Aniline Islet, south side of Moraine Fjord, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

Amongst Pohlia, Alt. c. 250 ft. Osmic Hill, west shore of Moraine Fjord, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

Conglomerate rock in N facing crevice, in a windscoop, Alt. 1400 ft. East side of Mount Gaudry, Adelaide Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Loubet Coast

Conglomerate rock in N facing crevice in a windscoop, Alt. 1400 ft. East side of Mt. Gaudry, Adelaide Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Loubet Coast

Forming a loose, thick mat under a canopy of Acaena adscendens on a very damp, somewhat sheltered slope. Alt. 75 m. Black Haglett Valley. Prince Edward Islands

Growing in large, loose mats in a Blechnum-Brachythecium vegetation on a sheltered damp slope. Alt. 100 m. Black Haglett Valley. Prince Edward Islands

Sea level Campbell Island

Tierra del Fuego: St. Sabastian. South America

Dark, moist rock crevice, Alt. 450 ft. Rocks to south-east of large lake, Maiviken, Cumberland West Bay. South Georgia

Very dark well, c, 50 ft inside cave, Alt. 15 ft. Cave in Poa Cove, Maiviken, Cumberland West Bay. South Georgia

Wet, dark north-facing rock crevice, Alt. 50 ft. Promontory west side of Falkland Harbour, Powell Island. South Orkney Islands

On dry rock slabs and boulders receiving maximum shelter and shade. Alt.c.150m. Summit of hill on S side of St. Martha Cove, James Ross Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On rocks and cliff faces, Alt. 100 ft. Near the Divide, west side of Matthews Island. South Orkney Islands

Rock outcrops, Alt. 100 ft. Saunders Point, Coronation Island. South Orkney Islands

Small thick patches on gravelly platforms, west facing, Leonie Island, Ryder Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Loubet Coast

Rocky and stony ground on schist bands, Alt. 50 ft. Areas adjacent to marble outcrops, south end of Three Lakes Valley, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Forming large colonies up to 1 ft. square; in sheltered, well watered crevices of summit boulders, Alt. 886 ft. Nobby Nunatak, south side of Hope Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Trinity Peninsula, East Coast

Cerro Diebel, Laurie Island. South Orkney Islands

On bare earth among boulders in Usnea fasciata community in the lower part of north-eastern slope. Alt. 240 m. Komandor Peak, MacKellar Inlet, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

On boulder on the summit. Alt. 85 m. Small rock ledge call Ambona (=pulpit) above Arctowski Station, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

On north-eastern slope in Usnea antarctica association in scree-covered region. Alt. 90 m. Blue Dyke, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

In community of Usnea fasciata on northern slope of andesite rocks. Alt. 135 m. Blue Dyke, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

On wet soil over andesite boulder near late snow patch. Alt. 100 m. Red Hill, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

In crevices of dry and exposed volcanic rocks in Usnea fasciata community on eastern slope. Alt. 320 m. The Tower, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

On southern slope on dry and exposed andesite rocks covered with earth. Alt. 280 m. Bastion Hill between Windy Glacier and Tower Glacier, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

On dry earth over andesite rocks on southern slope. Alt. 240 m. Bastion Hill between Windy Glacier and Tower Glacier, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

On rocks covered with earth in community of Usnea fasciata on southern slope. Alt. 200 m. Brama (=gate) Hill between Baranowski Glacier and Tower Glacier, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

On dry bare ground in Usnea fasciata association. Alt. 130 m. Siodlo (=saddle) Hill on Baranowski Glacier, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands