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On peaty soil between boulders, Alt. 50 ft. Rock outcrops to south of The Canache, Port Stanley Harbour, East Falkland Islands. Falkland Islands

With Prasiola in drainage channel, Alt. 250 ft. East side of hill between Factory Cove and Paal Harbour, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On moss on damp rock ledge, Alt. c. 100ft. Uruguay Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

On moss bank, Alt. 150 ft. Behind the base hut, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On Andreaea moss on stony hilltop. Alt. 150ft. Porteous Point, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On moss covered scree. Alt. 150m. Gneiss Hills (S) towards Porteous Point, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

At edge of fissure-like vent near fumarole (Longton and Holdgate fumarole 3), Breakbones Plateau, Candlemas Island. South Sandwich Islands

Stony ground amongst Festuca, Acaena etc, forming quite extensive closed 'carpet', Alt. 100 ft. Above Moraine Fjord, Dartmouth Point. South Georgia

On boulders around fumarole, Alt. 150 ft. Gulch north of western lagoon, Candlemas Island. South Sandwich Islands

On soil around fumarole, Alt. c 150 ft. North of western lagoon, Candlemas Island. South Sandwich Islands

On soil around fumarole, Alt.c. 150 ft. North of western lagoon, Candlemas Island. South Sandwich Islands

Constituent of hepatic mat around fumaroles, Alt. 200-300 ft. Between lagoons and most southerly exposed lava ridge, Candlemas Island. South Sandwich Islands

Among hepatic carpet around fumaroles, Alt. 600 ft. Summit ridge, Leskov Island. South Sandwich Islands

About fumarole, Alt. c. 200 m. within crater, on eastern rim Bellingshausen Island. South Sandwich Islands

Inner region around fumarole, Alt. c. 75 m. South slope of cone, Bellingshausen Island. South Sandwich Islands

Warmed, moist ground near centre of fumarolic region, Alt. c. 225 m. Summit ridge, near centre of crest of Leskov Island. South Sandwich Islands

Mat about middle zone of fumarole, Alt. c. 75 m. South flanks of cone, Bellingshausen Island. South Sandwich Islands

Around fumarole, 0.5-1 m from centre, Alt. c. 200 m. Outer southern flanks of east end crater rim, Bellingshausen Island. South Sandwich Islands

Warm wet ground around steam vent, Alt. 300 ft. South flank of main cone, Bellingshausen Island. South Sandwich Islands

On moist soil of floor of Nothofagus betuloides-Drimys winteri forest behind shore of Seno. Alt. 10 m. Southern shore of Peninsula de las Montanas, Ancon Sin Salida, Seno Union, Depto. Ultima Esperanza, Prov. Magallanes. South America, Chile

Fine mat/diffuse filaments on sand/gravel in lake moat in c. 10 cm of water. Lake Lundstrom, Shackleton Mountains. Antarctica, Maud Sector

By rocks just above southern lake shore. Lake Lundstrom, Shackleton Mountains. Antarctica, Maud Sector

Clumps forming by stones at edge of polygons c. 15 m from lake shore. Lake Lundstrom, Shackleton Mountains. Antarctica, Maud Sector

Thick deep red mat in lake, moat gove in c. 10 cm of water. Lake Lundstrom, Shackleton Mountains. Antarctica, Maud Sector

Matted up to surface of pond ice. Davis Valley Ponds, Dufek Massif. Antarctica, Scotia Sector

Single thickness sheets matted up to surface of pond ice. Davis Valley Ponds, Dufek Massif. Antarctica, Scotia Sector

Large clump 2 m from pond edge. Forlidas Pond, Dufek Massif. Antarctica, Scotia Sector

By edge of stone at centre of Forlidas Valley, Dufek Massif. Antarctica, Scotia Sector

By rocks near snow filled gully. Top of second terrace above the edge of a lake, centre of Davis Valley, Dufek Massif. Antarctica, Scotia Sector

At side of rock in cental area of Forlidas Valley, Dufek Massif Antarctica, Scotia Sector

Stones in dry melt channel. Alt. 100 m. Coal Nunatak, Alexander Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Alexander Island

Cyanobacteria forming patterned crust on stones and causing chemical reaction with surface. Stones in dry melt channel. Alt. 100 m. Coal Nunatak, Alexander Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Alexander Island

On granitic gravel. Alt. 1540 m. Summit of Mt. McGee, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

On dead Bryum algens, front of moraine near lake facing east. Ablation Valley. Antarctic Peninsula

Underside of rocks on valley floor. Alt. 200 m. Viking Valley, Alexander Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Alexander Island

Dry sandy soil. Black, on dead Bryum algens. Alt. c.5m. E side Neny Island, Fallieres Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Encrusting rocks on N facing moraine. Alt. 25m. Dundee Island, Trinity Peninsula. Antarctic Peninsula

On dry soil in rock depressions. Buff and black. Alt. 10-30 m. Roman Four Promontory. Antarctic Peninsula

On dry soil in rock depressions. Cream. Alt. 10-30 m. Roman Four Promontory. Antarctic Peninsula

Moist shaded crevices and overhangs. Alt. 30m. SSSI area, hill overlooking Brown Bay, Bailey Peninsula. Budd Coast. Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Maritime rocks, locally abundant, Alt. 10 ft. Burntside, Darwin, East Falkland Islands. Falkland Islands

Dry rocks, stones. Lumpy, olive grey sp. Alt. 10-25m. Refuge Islands (largest island), South Marguerite Bay. Antarctic Peninsula

Damp rock ledge on south-facing cliff, Alt. 100-130 ft. N side of Sorling Valley. South Georgia

On moss and soil, near the hut, Blaiklock Island, Loubet Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Loubet Coast

Large beach pebbles and rocks, Alt. 5-10 ft. Pebble beach, near Rookery Bay, East Falkland Islands. Falkland Islands

Frequent on sea cliffs, Alt. 3-5 m. North-east coast, O'Brien Island. South Shetland Islands

Moist sheltered rocks, Alt. 20-30 m. south side of Lynch Island. South Orkney Islands

Ridge 3 km west of Goddard Hill. Alt. 250 m. Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

On a slope 250 m NW or Goddard Hill. Alt. 300 m. Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

On heated ground, exposed and west-facing. Alt. 400 m. North side of Vapour Col, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands