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On south side near foot of valley next north of Sorling Valley, Barff Peninsula. South Georgia

On ash in outer region of fumarole vegetation, Alt. 150 ft. North of western lagoon, Candlemas Island. South Sandwich Islands

North-facing slopes of the hill, Alt. c. 250 ft. Ronald Hill, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Steep, stony, north facing slope above coast, with marble outcrop at top and some flushing, Alt. 200 ft. Ridge inland from Thulla Point, west coast of Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Outer fringe of fumarole region, Alt. 100 ft. Between west lagoon and active cone, northern part of Candlemas Island. South Sandwich Islands

On wet, peat banks, Alt. c. 50 ft. Behind whaling station at east end of valley, running north-west of Husvik, Stromness Bay. South Georgia

Well vegetated ledges on north facing cliffs, Alt. 100 ft. North coast of Uruguay Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Colonizing recently exposed base-rich gravelly soil. Common. Alt. 80m. Between Spindrift Col and Changing Lake, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

North facing moist base-rich slope, Alt. 35 m. To south of Foca Cove, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

In moist hepatic as scattered stems, Alt. 100 m. Plateau east of base towards Pointe Lieutard, Possession Island. Crozet

Scattered stems on gravel, Alt. 130 m. North-facing slope of Riviere du Camp, 1 Km from sea, Possession Island. Crozet

Growing as isolated stems around base of small rock in moderately exposed position, Alt. 200 m. North-east facing slopes of Mont Branca, West of Port Alfred, Possession Island. Crozet

On sheltered peat, Alt. 5 m. Rock outcrop marked 114 on map, south side of valley behind Crique du Sphinx, Possession Island. Crozet

Stony ground, Alt. 150 m. North-facing slopes of valley immediately south of La petite Manchotiere, Possession Island. Crozet

On moist ground between boulders, Alt. 0 m. Coastline 1 km west of Port-aux-Francais. Kerguelen

Moist silty gravel, c.10m from shore. Alt. 1-2m. S side of St Martha Cove, James Ross Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On wet silty gravel at edge of seepage area. Alt. 60m. Valley to N of St. Martha Cove, James Ross Island. Antarctic Peninsula

North facing slopes below marble outcrop. Alt. 150 ft. South of hut at Foca Cove, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Gravelly soil amongst pebbles on raised beach. Alt. 12 m. Half Moon Island. South Shetland Islands

1 cm layer of ash, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Dry ashy gravel at margin of flood gully close to former cemetery. Alt. 4 m. Whalers Bay, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

On N facing rocky slopes below marble outcrop. Large form with plicate leaves. 50 ft. Ridge south of hut at Foca. South Orkney Islands

On soil at base of N facing rocks. 100 ft. South shore of Murrell River, opposite Islet Point. Falkland Islands

Wireless Hill on North Head. Macquarie Island

North facing rocks, Alt. 200 ft. Cathedral Crags, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Flat area of moist fixed sand dune, Alt. 25 ft. Rookery Bay, near Port Stanley, East Falkland Islands. Falkland Islands

Rock surface, Alt. 0 m. Coastline 1 km west of Port-aux-Francais. Kerguelen

Behind British base on knolls, some of which were ice-free, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

On dry soil bank. Penguin Bay, northeast of Yvon Villarceau Peak. Campbell Island

Fuegia media, Lago Fagnano, Est. Carmen, Punta Pizarro, in arena ripensi. South America, Argentina

Dry gravelly soil below late snow bed. Alt. 75 m. North Valley, Edmonson Point, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Dry, pebbly flat area near lake. Alt. 10 m. Edmonson Point North, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Crevice in band of shale, Alt. c. 10-125 ft. North side King Haakon Bay, opposite Vincent Islands. South Georgia

Alt. c. 50-200 ft. To north of Kade Point. South Georgia

Frequent on soil in sorted circles. Alt. 10-30 m. Rothera Point, Adelaide Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On tree trunk of cloud forest. Alt. 2320 m. La Mucuy above the town of Tabay, Parque nacional de La Sierra Nevada, Distrito Libertador, Venezuela. South America, Venezuela

On erect dead tree trunk in partially cleared cloud forest. Alt. 2400 m. La Carbonera area near La Azulita, Distrito Andres Bello, Venezuela. South America, Venezuela

Epiphyte on tree in primary cloud forest. Alt. 2000 m. Along the La Pedregosa tributary of the Chama River at El Maciegal, Distrito Libertador, Venezuela. South America, Venezuela

Alt. 3-40 m. N side King Haakon Bay. South Georgia

Amongst wet mosses, Alt. c. 50 ft. On slopes below Gull Lake, near Grytviken whaling station, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

In dry Tortula robusta turf, Alt. 30 m. Top of moraine near middle of Zenker Ridge, Moraine Fjord. South Georgia

Empetrum heath, Alt. 20 ft. Fish Creek, Goose Green, East Falkland Island. Falkland Islands

On rock. Alt. c. 800 ft. Two Sisters, near Port Stanley, East Falkland Islands. Falkland Islands

Dry stones in fell field. Alt. 50 m. NE Moraine Valley, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Dry boulder in scree. Alt. 15 m. West side of Olivine Point, Coronation Island. South Orkney Islands

On dry boulders. Alt. 150m. Gneiss Hills (S) towards Porteous Point, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On exposed dry rock. Alt. 150m. Hill top to S side of St. Martha Cove, James Ross Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On Andreaea sp. Alt. 100 m. Moe Island, off Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Dry gravelly soil, on Andreaea sp., also on dry rocks. Alt. 60 m. Lynch Island. South Orkney Islands

Dry exposed stony fellfield, with Stereocaulon sp., Usnea aurantiaco atra. Forming large stands on rocky ridge. Alt. 600 m. Mt. McIlroy. South Georgia