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On rocks on dry windswept summit ridge. Alt. 300 m. Mt Egmont. Falkland Islands

Dry rock face. Alt. 120 m. Above Paal Harbour, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Dry rock on exposed ridge. Alt. 100 m. Observation Bluff, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

On stones on raised beach. Alt. 5 m. Behind hut, Lagoon Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Dry rocks near North Beach. Alt. 25 m. Rothera Point, Adelaide Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Bellingshausen Station, in direction of Drake Strait, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

Alt. 700-800 ft. Wiencke Island, Danco Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

Alt. 1700 ft. Wiencke Island, Danco Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

Alt. 200 ft. South-east coast Livingston Island. South Shetland Islands

Steep rock faces, Alt. 300 ft. Doumer Island, near Wiencke Island, Danco Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

On very large erratic, mainly quartz dominated by ornithocoprophilous species,mainly Caloplaca, Haematomma and the very rare Alectoria pubescens. Alt. c. 10 m. Zenker Ridge, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

Scree material, Alt. 75 ft. North shore of Kroner Lake, near Ronald Hill, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

On rock faces. Alt. 75m. Steepholm Island, Robertson Islands. South Orkney Islands

Exposed dry rock surfaces. Alt. 50 m. Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula

Dry rocks, rarely on Polytrichum banks. Alt. 10-60 m. Green Island, Berthelot Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Dry rocks. Alt. 10-20 m. NW Faure Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Dry rocks. Alt. 5-25m. Island to W of Dismal Island, Faure Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Dry rocks. Alt. 35-50 m. Emperor Island, Dion Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Dry rocks. Alt. 5-25m. Courtier Island, Dion Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Boulders and stable rock surfaces, Alt. 20-30 m. Collins Point, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Dry rocks and boulders. Alt. 200-250 m. Mt Alexander, Joinville Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Dry volcanic rock. Alt. 200 m. N end of Active Sound, Joinville Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Dry rocks, with Umbilicaria decussata and Alectoria pubescens. Alt. 5-25m. SW corner of Millerand Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Scoria, not influenced by fumaroles. Alt. 50 m. Leskov Island. South Sandwich Islands

Side of old channel in rocks, 2m deep, Alt. 10 m. Metchnikoff Point, first Cape south, Brabant Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Between moss and lichen covered knoll. Bailey Peninsula SSSI. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Late snow bed hollow on Ceratodon purpureus and also on rocks. Site is very wetin early summer. Alt. 40m. Bailey Peninsula, SSSI. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Late snow bed hollow on Ceratodon purpureus. Locally forms dense patches. Alt. 40m. Bailey Peninsula SSSI. Budd Coast. Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Late snow bed hollow, growing on Umbilicaria decussate (large thallus) on rock. Alt. 40m. Bailey Peninsula SSSI. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

On moist Grimmia antarctici and Ceratodon purpureus. Alt. 30m. Bailey Peninsula, NE SSSI area. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

On sheltered rocks facing the sea. Within 300-500m of large Adelie penguinrookery on Shirley Island. Alt. 25m. Bailey Peninsula. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

On underside of sheltered, shaded boulders and rocks. Alt. 30m. Hill overlooking Brown Bay, Bailey Peninsula. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Exposed rock faces low on rocks. Alt. 15m. Clark Peninsula, Whitney Point. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Sheltered depression in rocks, growing on moss. Alt. 25m. Clark Peninsula, NE of Stevenson Cove. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Depressions in rock, growing on soil, more or less detached. Alt. 5m. Stonehocker Point, Wilkes Station, Clark Peninsula. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Sheltered rock crevices and sides of boulders. Not common. Alt. 90-100m. Haupt Nunataks. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Sheltered rock faces near ground, often covered by snowfalls. Alt. 50m. Browning Peninsula, W side. Budd Coast Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

Dry sheltered rock, on windward side of outcrop but protected by other rocks.Below colony of short, blackish, densely branched form of U. antarctica. Alt. 15m. Whitney Point, Clark Peninsula. Budd Coast. Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

In crevice of rock growing on soil with Cladonia, Alt. 327 ft. Summit of Scar Hills, Hope Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Trinity Peninsula, East Coast

Upper flat surface of dry bedrock, Alt. 327 ft. Scar Hills, Hope Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Trinity Peninsula, East Coast

Upper surfaces of dry summit rocks, Alt. 450 ft. Andersson Nunatak, Hope Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Trinity Peninsula, East Coast

In dry cracks on surface of rocks, also on small stones almost anywhere, Alt. 886 ft. Nobby Nunatak, Hope Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Trinity Peninsula, East Coast

On rock, Alt. 70 ft. NW side of Jenny Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

On rock. Paradise Beach. South Georgia

Rock surfaces, Alt. 100 ft. Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Rock surfaces, Alt. 70 ft. Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Abundant on pebbles in damp areas below snow drifts, Tschuffert Peak, MacRobertson Land. Antarctica, Enderby Sector

West-facing rocks on scree, Alt. 1000 ft. Top of col Mount Mill, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Taken from a dominican gulls nest, Alt. 10 ft. East side of Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Rocky area, Alt. 20 ft. East side of Galindez Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast