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Inactive fumarole vent in friable lava. Alt. 5 m. Geothermal lava outcrop to S of whaling station. Whalers Bay, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Flat area of stony ground with marsh vegetation. 450 ft. Near summit of Petermann Island Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Wet NW facing cliffs. 0 - 50 ft. North west coast, Skua Island, Argentine Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Flat pockets among rocks. 0 - 50 ft. North west coast, Skua Island, Argentine Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

In tussock stands behind wallows on cliff edge, Sappho Point. South Georgia

Seal wallows grazed by reindeer. Hound Bay. South Georgia

Base of cliff, wet. Alt. 150-200 ft. Paradise Beach. South Georgia

Scree slopes. Medium-high altitude. Annenkov Island. South Georgia

Plateau Central, 650 - 700 m. Ile Amsterdam

On sandy gravels. NW end of Herring Island. Windmill Islands. Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

In seepage area on ledges. South of Blakeney Point, Clark Peninsula. Windmill Islands. Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

On sandy gravels in moraine debris. NE end of Stevenson Cove. Clark Peninsula, Windmill Islands. Antarctica, Wilkes Sector

In seepage area in sheltered site in plateau herbfield. Alt. = 230 m. 500 m NE of Boot Hill. Macquarie Island

Sandy soil by melted snowbank. Cape Armitage, Ross Island, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Sandy soil at edge of snowbank. Cape Armitage, Ross Island, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

On sand by meltwater stream, 50 - 100 m from foot of Hobbs Glacier. Taylor Valley, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Sandy soil among scoria by snow bank, Cape Armitage. Ross Island, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Sandy soil by old snowbank. Cape Armitage, Ross Island, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Sandy soil below snow bank on cinder slope, S facing. Between Cape Armitage and Scott Base. Ross Island, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

By thermistors, Cape Armitage Study site. Ross Island, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Sandy soil by snowbank on scoria slope. Cape Armitage, Ross Island, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Edge of snowbank on ash slope. Low on west slopes of Observation Hill, Ross Island. Antarctica, Ross Sector

On peat amongst Poa cookii at edge of Royal Penguin colony. Alt. = 125 m. Sandy Bay, Finch Creek. Macquarie Island

Above Caughley Beach, near Cape Bird, Ross Island, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Looserock (damp) in shadow of building. 5 m. Outside Adelie Ho!, Galindez Islands, Argentine Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Rock crevice. With Bartramia patens. 2 m. North coast of Galindez Islands, Argentine Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

On soil (derived from volcanic turf and lava bombs) in very open situation. Area snow free. Gluck Nunatak, Beethoven Peninsula, SW Alexander Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Alexander Island

On damp mud inside hangar to N of former BAS station. Alt. 5 m. Whalers Bay, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

On decaying garbage inside iron tank close to former Magistrate's villa. Alt. 5 m. Whalers Bay, Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Crevices in N facing sea cliff. 25 ft. North coast of Galindez Island, Argentine Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

On scree and boulders. Annenkov Island. South Georgia

Shingle by side of stream. Alt. c. 100 ft. To north of Samuel Island. South Georgia

From recolonized gentoo rookery. Alt. 150-250 ft. North-west side of Undine Harbour. South Georgia

Larsemann Hills. Lake Mir (Sibthorpe) Antarctica, Enderby Sector

West side of Cooper Island. South Georgia

North-facing, moist area. Alt. 15 m. Galindez Island, Argentine Islands. Antarctic Peninsula, Graham Coast

Moist flat area. Alt. 7-10 m. Litchfield Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Danco Coast

Wet pool margin. 5 - 60 m. Albatross Island, Bay of Isles. South Georgia

On rocks near Skua nest. Alt. 130 m. Siodlo (=saddle) Hill in Baranowski Glacier, Admiralty Bay, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

Saint Paul, fumerolles, bassin du cratere sous la cote Alt. = 243, 3 m. Ile Amsterdam

On matted peat in wet seepage area in heath/shrub on south east side of lake. South east side of Lake Dobson. Mt Field National Park. Tasmania

On peat in grassland. Alt. = 60 m. Bauer Bay. Track leading to Sandy Bay from Bauer Bay Hut. Macquarie Island

In Luzula/Agrostis grassland. Alt. = 190 m. 800 m SE of Skua Lake. Macquarie Island

On soil, south-facing exposed scree. Alt. 676 m. Meyer Hills, Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica, Scotia Sector

From crevice. Alt. 1331 m. Horseshoe Valley 6km NW of camp. Only 30 x 30 m of rock exposed. Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica, Scotia Sector

On soil surface. Alt. 1331 m. Horseshoe Valley 6km NW of camp. Only 30 x 30 m of rock exposed. Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica, Scotia Sector

Growing on soil surface in crevice. Alt. 1331 m. Horseshoe Valley 6km NW of camp. Only 30 x 30 m of rock exposed. Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica, Scotia Sector

Thalli on larger stone. Alt. 1331 m. Horseshoe Valley 6km NW of camp. Only 30 x 30 m of rock exposed. Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica, Scotia Sector

North-north-west facing rock knoll. Alt. 5 m. Neny Island, Marguerite Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

North-north-west facing rock crevice. Alt. 10 m. Barbara Island, Debenham Islands, Marguerite Bay. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast