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In moderately exposed position among other mosses, forming continuous carpet between Agrostis tufts, Alt. 40 m. Level ground behind beach at Pt. Basse, near Arbrec, Possession Island. Crozet

On moist soil among other mosses, Alt. 30 ft. Near fast running stream running north down slopes south of Husvik, Stromness Bay. South Georgia

Stones in Festuca-Acaena grassland, Alt. 500 ft. Valley running SW from Ocean Harbour, Barff Peninsula. South Georgia

On boulder by shore of fiord. Alt. 0 m. Fiordo Andrew, Prov. Ultima Esperanza, Magallanes Region. South America, Chile

On peat, Alt. 5 m. Beside landing point within crater. Ile St. Paul

On rock in river, Alt. 20 m. Riviere du Chateau north east of Port-aux-Francais. Kerguelen

Forming small tufts in other species of Racomitrium on dry exposed 'heath', Alt. 280 m. Ridge north of northern branch of Malpasee River, Possession Island. Crozet

On sheltered stone in small crevice, Alt. 40 m. Near river bank, Riviere du Camp, 2 Km from sea, Possession Island. Crozet

East-facing rock faces, Alt. c. 200 ft. West side of Olsen Valley, opposite Ruby Peak, Stromness Bay. South Georgia

In Azorella/Deschampsia hummock, Alt. 300 m. Upper east-facing slopes of Mont Branca, West of Port Alfred, Possession Island. Crozet

Sparse angular scree on dry thin soil, north facing, Alt. 330 m. West side of Sea Leopard Fjord. South Georgia

Moist rock crevice, north-facing, Alt. 700 ft. Rock outcrop west of Brown Mountain, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

On loose scree slope, Alt. 30 ft. SE tip of Gibbs Island. South Shetland Islands

Vertical rock ledges facing NW, Alt. 6 ft. Tern Cove, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Raised beach, Alt. 5 m. Lair Point Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island South Shetland Islands

En el suelo de bosque mixto de Nothofagus betuloides. Provincia Magallanes, Depto Ultima Esperanza, Orillas del Seno N de Cerro El Morro. South America, Chile

Acaena-Festuca heath, Alt. 25-50 ft. Just outside whaling station, Grytviken, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

Wet bank of stream, Alt. c. 250 ft. Near large lake at head of North Bore Valley, Cumberland West Bay. South Georgia

Small vegetable bed in open, Alt. 25 ft. The whaling station, Grytviken, Cumberland East Bay. South Georgia

E, Facing Ridge End near snow level, Alt. 800 m. Far E End Maiden Peak, Oscar II Coast. Antarctic Peninsula

Encrusting rocks associated with Hymenophyllum falklandicum, Alt. 150 ft. Near Holmstrand Peninsula. South Georgia

Dry rock surfaces, north-east aspect, Alt. 3-7 m. Coastal rock face by cave at Maiviken. South Georgia

On rock with S aspect. Alt. 550-650 m. East ridge of 'Pyramid' near Fossil Bluff. Alexander Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Alexander Island

Dry exposed ridge. Alt. 582m. Ablation Col. Antarctic Peninsula, Alexander Island

On surfaces of exposed, south-facing rocks, above scree slopes, Alt. c. 900 ft. Upper corrie of Roche Peak, Bird Island. South Georgia

Stones and pebbles. Central col along ridge. Alt. 140 m. Reptile Ridge. Antarctic Peninsula

Dry stones. Alt. 28 m. SSSI, Rothera Point, Adelaide Island. Antarctic Peninsula

On stones of schist in base rich area, Alt. 30 m. Between Waterpipe Beach and Knob Lake, Signy Island. South Orkney Islands

Bird perch rocks. Central col along ridge. Alt. 140 m. Reptile Ridge. Antarctic Peninsula

On dry rocks. Alt. 10-15m. North-west corner of Darboux Island, Argentine Islands, Graham Coast. Antarctic Peninsula

Encrusting lichens colonising moss carpet on ash/scoria moraines and heaps NW of main ice cap above Medusa Pool and Chimaera Flats, Candlemas Island. South Sandwich Islands

On moist moss (Ceratodon purpureus). Alt. 30 m. North Valley, Edmonson Point, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Rocks on exposed summit ridge. Alt. 650 m. West end of Natal Ridge, Viking Valley, Alexander Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Alexander Island

Dry lava and pumice, especially on rocks used as skua perches. Alt. 20-30 m. Edmonson Point, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Boulders and rock faces. Alt. 100 m. Crater Cirque, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

Dry lava boulders, especially along fine fissures. Alt. 35-40 m. Middle terrace of North Valley, Edmonson Point, Victoria Land. Antarctica, Ross Sector

100m SE of whaling station; terns nesting nearby. Oak barrels in Whalers Bay. Alt. 10-20m. N-NE of whaling station, Whalers Bay. Deception Island. South Shetland Islands

Rock used as bird perch, Alt. 200 m. North end of Active Sound, Joinville Island. Antarctic Peninsula

Broken stones on rounded mounds of rocks, facing south, Alt. 700 ft. South ridge of Mount Cardinall. Antarctic Peninsula

On rock, Alt. 153 m. slopes behind shore 3 Km. SW of Walker Point, Elephant Island. South Shetland Islands

In moist, shaded hollow in peat bank, Alt. c. 50 ft. Behind Burnet Cove, Maiviken. South Georgia

Talud al borde del rio en bosquecillo de Nothofagus antarctica. Alt. 100-200m. Provincia Santa Cruz, Depto Guer Aike. Faldeos precordilleranos a 8 km N de Estancia La Dorotea. South America, Argentina

Rock in penguin rookery, Alt. 10 m. Heywood Island. South Shetland Islands

On stones adjacent to penguin rookery, Alt. 30 m. Turret Point, King George Island. South Shetland Islands

On decaying timber of ramp above plan. Alt. 3m. Stromness whaling station. South Georgia

On stones projecting through fumarole vegetation, Alt. c. 150 ft. North of western lagoon, Candlemas Island. South Sandwich Islands

Damp rocks and cliff faces, Alt. 10-30 m. North side of Astrolabe Island, south end of wide bay. Antarctic Peninsula

Open north-facing outcrop, Alt. 4375 ft. Major ridge running from 2300ft. to 4400ft. north Engle Peaks. Antarctic Peninsula

On dry rock, in crevices and on gravel, Alt. 20-30 m. Area between Lystad Bay and former BAS Station, Horseshoe Island. Antarctic Peninsula, Fallieres Coast

Sobre tronco podrido junto a la cascada. Provincia Magallanes, Depto Ultima Esperanza, Puerto Toro, Margen oriental del Rio Serrano. South America, Chile