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Dredged in two to three meters, in cove west of Cuttyhunk Neck, Buzzard's Bay, Massachusetts.

Common on rocks between tides, Fort Ross, Sonoma County. California.

Esquimault, British Columbia.

At and below low water mark, upon stones. Dead Man's Island, San Pedro, Los Angeles, California.

On rocks in the whole litoral zone, Channel rocks near Fort Ward, west of Seattle, Washington.

Floating in large masses, more or less torn, in warm, quiet salt water, Eel Pond, Wood's Hole, Massachusetts.

Foating, in great abundance, and apparently to sandy rocks, Monterey, California.

In large loose tufts on floating Zostera in warm, quiet salt water, Eel Pond, Wood's Hole, Massachusetts.

In kelp patches off the eastern shore of Amaknak Island, Unalaska Bay, Alaska.

On the western shore of Amaknak Island, Unalaska Bay, Alaska.

On rocks exposed to the waves, Point Aulon, Pacific Grove, California.

In deep pool at low water mark, Eagle Island, Casco Bay, Maine.

On rocks below low water mark, Wood's Hole.

Forming a distinct zone at the junction of the litoral and sublitoral regions, western shores of Amaknak Island, Unalaska Bay, Alaska.

With pointed and swollen receptacles, forming a zone near high water mark, in quiet waters, east shore of Amaknak Island, Unalaska Bay, Alaska.

Whidby Island, Washington.

Cast ashore in considerable masses, near the steamboat wharf, Monterey, California.

Harpswell, Maine. Portion of fruiting lamina of full grown plant.

Harpswell, Maine. Cross section of hollow part of stipe of adult plant.

Harpswell, Maine. Cross section from near base of adult stipe, showing mucilage ducts. Harpswell.

Observed in only a single locality, attached to piles under the wharf at Friday Harbor, San Juan County, Washington.

On shells of the eastern Oyster (Ostrea Virginiana) at Bay Island Farm, Alameda County, California.

Forming a very dense fringe just above and below low water mark, on rocks exposed to the full force of the waves, Bailey's Island, Cosco Bay, Me.

Attached to piles under wharf at Friday Harbor, Washington.

Harpswell, Maine. Young plants, growing in clumps on stipe of old plants of the same species.

In shells and bones, Navy Island, Jamaica.

On pebbles in shallow pools, Revere Beach, Massachusetts.

On exposed rocks, at low water mark, Cutler, Maine.

On Corallina officinalis, in pools, Ochre Point, Newport, Rhode Island.

On various algæ, often in company with M. pustulata, Newport, Rhode Island.

Upper sublitoral zone, west coast of Whidbey Island, Washington. Often attached to pebbles and small stones, and cast ashore.

On Goniolithon Brassica-Florida, Pacific Beach, California.

In pools, Pacific Beach, California.

Attached to piles under Wharf Harbor, San Juan County, Washington.

On Lithothamnion compactum and mussel shells, Newcastle, New Hampshire.

On pebbles, Pacific Beach, California.

On lower surface of rocks in clefts near upper tidemark, Point Pinos, Monterey Peninsula, California.

On rocks and pebbles below low water mark, Pacific Beach, California.

Abundant in quiet pools, Dillon's Beach, Marin County.

In running fresh water, Ililiuk Creek, Unalaska, Alaska.

Common on rocks, forming a zone just below high water mark, west shore of Amaknak Island, Unalaska Bay, Alaska.

Growing on considerable abundance in exposed situations, on rocks in the upper sublitoral zone, west shore of Amaknak Island, Unalaska Bay, Alaska.

Young plants in tide pools near low water mark, Nahant, Massachusetts.

Portion of mature frond with unilocular sporangia, Nahant, Massachusetts.

On exposed shores, Coupeville, Washington.

Young plants, from tide pools in litoral zone, Nahant, Massachusetts.

On rocks, abundant in the lower litoral and the upper sublitoral zines, near Monterey, California.

Common on the litoral and upper sublitoral zones, west shore of Amaknak Island, Unalaska Bay, Alaska.

Similar places, Whidby Island, Washington.

Pyramid Point, near Pacific Grove, California.